Scaffold containerized Django/Wagtail app with core features

apps/comments/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class CommentsConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
+    name = "apps.comments"

apps/comments/forms.py

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+from django import forms
+
+from apps.comments.models import Comment
+
+
+class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
+    honeypot = forms.CharField(required=False)
+    article_id = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)
+    parent_id = forms.IntegerField(required=False, widget=forms.HiddenInput)
+
+    class Meta:
+        model = Comment
+        fields = ["author_name", "author_email", "body"]
+
+    def clean_body(self):
+        body = self.cleaned_data["body"]
+        if not body.strip():
+            raise forms.ValidationError("Comment body is required.")
+        return body

apps/comments/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 5.2.11 on 2026-02-28 11:42
+
+import django.db.models.deletion
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ('blog', '0001_initial'),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Comment',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('author_name', models.CharField(max_length=100)),
+                ('author_email', models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
+                ('body', models.TextField(max_length=2000)),
+                ('is_approved', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
+                ('created_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ('ip_address', models.GenericIPAddressField(blank=True, null=True)),
+                ('article', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='comments', to='blog.articlepage')),
+                ('parent', models.ForeignKey(blank=True, null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='replies', to='comments.comment')),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

apps/comments/models.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class Comment(models.Model):
+    article = models.ForeignKey("blog.ArticlePage", on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="comments")
+    parent = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="replies")
+    author_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+    author_email = models.EmailField()
+    body = models.TextField(max_length=2000)
+    is_approved = models.BooleanField(default=False)
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    ip_address = models.GenericIPAddressField(null=True, blank=True)
+
+    def clean(self) -> None:
+        if self.parent and self.parent.parent_id is not None:
+            raise ValidationError("Replies cannot be nested beyond one level.")
+
+    def get_absolute_url(self):
+        return f"{self.article.url}#comment-{self.pk}"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Comment by {self.author_name}"

apps/comments/urls.py

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+from django.urls import path
+
+from apps.comments.views import CommentCreateView
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path("post/", CommentCreateView.as_view(), name="comment_post"),
+]

apps/comments/views.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from django.contrib import messages
+from django.core.cache import cache
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, redirect
+from django.views import View
+
+from apps.blog.models import ArticlePage
+from apps.comments.forms import CommentForm
+from apps.comments.models import Comment
+
+
+class CommentCreateView(View):
+    def post(self, request):
+        ip = (request.META.get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR") or request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR", "")).split(",")[0].strip()
+        key = f"comment-rate:{ip}"
+        count = cache.get(key, 0)
+        if count >= 3:
+            return HttpResponse(status=429)
+        cache.set(key, count + 1, timeout=60)
+
+        form = CommentForm(request.POST)
+        article = get_object_or_404(ArticlePage, pk=request.POST.get("article_id"))
+        if not article.comments_enabled:
+            return HttpResponse(status=404)
+
+        if form.is_valid():
+            if form.cleaned_data.get("honeypot"):
+                return redirect(f"{article.url}?commented=1")
+            comment = form.save(commit=False)
+            comment.article = article
+            parent_id = form.cleaned_data.get("parent_id")
+            if parent_id:
+                comment.parent = Comment.objects.filter(pk=parent_id, article=article).first()
+            comment.ip_address = ip or None
+            comment.save()
+            messages.success(request, "Your comment is awaiting moderation")
+            return redirect(f"{article.url}?commented=1")
+
+        messages.error(request, "Please correct the form errors")
+        return redirect(article.url)

apps/comments/wagtail_hooks.py

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+from wagtail.admin.ui.tables import BooleanColumn
+from wagtail.snippets.models import register_snippet
+from wagtail.snippets.views.snippets import SnippetViewSet
+
+from apps.comments.models import Comment
+
+
+class CommentViewSet(SnippetViewSet):
+    model = Comment
+    icon = "comment"
+    list_display = ["author_name", "article", BooleanColumn("is_approved"), "created_at"]
+    list_filter = ["is_approved"]
+    search_fields = ["author_name", "body"]
+    add_to_admin_menu = True
+
+    def get_queryset(self, request):
+        return super().get_queryset(request).select_related("article", "parent")
+
+
+register_snippet(CommentViewSet)